DC netwerken

Rseries

Rseriesparallel

RC

RL

RLC

AC Netwerken

RL 3phase L=10mH R=10Ohm

RL 3phase L=10mH R=1Ohm

RL 3phase L=10mH R=10Ohm R1=5ohm Unbalance

Third Harmonics 15V

Third Harmonics 45V Maximum voltage is now lower

Space Vector Modulation

Inverters

Half Bridge

FullBridge

Asynchrone machine

Nominal

No Load

Locked Rotor

Delay start up

Switched Mode Power Supplies

Laboratory exercises VRMEL/ELOMVO 2022/2023

Buck converter

First simulate the buck converter and observe the waveforms. In the default simulation the conversion is from 48volt down to 12 volt.

Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	220uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	25%

Change the duty cycle while the input voltage remains 48 volt. Measure input current, output voltage and current, calculate input and output power as well as the efficiency of the converter and fill the table below:

d	Vin	Iin	Vout	Iout	Pin	Pout	η
10	48
20	48
30	48
40	48
50	48
60	48
70	48
80	48
90	48

Use the default duty cycle of 25% and the input voltage remains 48 volt. Change the load resistance Rout from 2Ω in steps of 2Ω until 20Ω. Measure input current, output voltage and current, calculate input and output power as well as the efficiency of the converter and fill the table below:

Rout	Vin	Iin	Vout	Iout	Pin	Pout	η
2	48
4	48
6	48
8	48
10	48
12	48
14	48
16	48
18	48
20	48

Inductor current ripple

Dependency of inductor current ripple on the inductor value. Measure the inductor current ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, 50kHz

Inductor	Inductor current ripple (top-top) [A]
47μ
100μ
150μ
220μ
470μ

Change the switching frequency from 50kHz to 100kHz. Measure the inductor current ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	100kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, 100kHz

Inductor	Inductor current ripple (top-top) [A]
47μ
100μ
150μ
220μ
470μ

Output voltage ripple

Dependency of output voltage ripple on the capacitor value. Measure the peak-peak output voltage ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, 50kHz

Capacitor	Output voltage ripple (top-top) [V]
10μ
22μ
47μ
100μ
220μ
470μ

Change the switching frequency from 50kHz to 100kHz. Measure the peak-peak output voltage ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	100kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, 100kHz

Capacitor	Output voltage ripple (peak-peak) [V]
10μ
22μ
47μ
100μ
220μ
470μ

Output capacitor ESR

Dependency of output voltage ripple on the capacitor equivalent series resistance Resr value. Measure the peak-peak output voltage ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Resr	100m
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, Resr=100m
The esr of the output capacitor varies per type of capacitor. It is modelled by a an external resistor Resr, in series with the output capacitor. Measure the influence of the value of Resr on the output voltage ripple.

Resr[Ohm]	Output voltage ripple (top-top) [V]
1m
10m
100m
200m
500m
1

Output capacitor ESR reduction

The output voltage ripple is reduced by placing two output capacitors in parallel. Measure the peak-peak output voltage ripple. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C(2*)	10uF
Resr	1
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

Buck Converter 48volt->20volt, parallel output capacitor
Measure the influence of the paralleling of the output capacitors on the output voltage ripple.

Capacitor	Output voltage ripple (top-top) [V]
2 * 10μ
1 * 22μ

For the single capacitor simulation, change the value of Resr2 into 1000&Ohm;

Explain the reduction of the output voltage ripple in case of the parallel output capacitor, compared to the single output capacitor.

Waveforms Buck Converter, continuous inductor current

In the first simulation we will operate the buck converter with continuous inductor current. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	100uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

For each simulation, measure either the output voltage or the voltage at the node between the Mosfet and the Diode. (between the Mosfet and Diode)

Waveform1	Waveform2
IL	Vout
IL	Vleg

Create the graphs for the above mentioned waveforms.

For each simulation, add a single current measurement sensor to measure the current through the Mosfet, Diode, Cout, Rout, Vin.

Waveform1	Waveform2
IL	IDS
IL	ID
IL	IC
IL	IR
IL	Iin

Create the graphs for the above mentioned waveforms.

Waveforms Buck Converter, discontinuous inductor current

In the second simulation we will operate the buck converter with discontinuous inductor current. Parameters of the simulation:

Component	Value
Vin	48volt
L	22uH
C	10uF
Rout	10
Fs	50kHz
d	40%

For each simulation, measure either the output voltage or the voltage at the node between the Mosfet and the Diode. (between the Mosfet and Diode)

Waveform1	Waveform2
IL	Vout
IL	Vleg

Create the graphs for the above mentioned waveforms.

For each simulation, add a single current measurement sensor to measure the current through the Mosfet, Diode, Cout, Rout, Vin.

Waveform1	Waveform2
IL	IDS
IL	ID
IL	IC
IL	IR
IL	Iin

Create the graphs for the above mentioned waveforms.

Synchronous Buck Converter

Simulation Buck Converter

Simulation Boost Converter

Simulation Buck-Boost Converter

Simulation Boost Converter ideal components discontinuous mode

Simulation Boost Converter discontinuous mode with Mosfet output capacitance modeled

Simulation U4L Single leg

Simulation U4L Blanking time

Simulation U4L with Blanking time and start up

Simulation Mosfet Switching transients

Simulation Mosfet Gate charge

LC filter response

LC filter input Impedance

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